tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31580184480608868102024-03-14T00:05:42.796-07:00ANCIENT COINS OF INDIASravanthiBharathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08555610528198611377noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3158018448060886810.post-42461242252966207212010-12-19T16:04:00.000-08:002010-12-19T16:15:32.588-08:00FIGURES IN PUNCH MARK COINSVarious punches of animals, humans, mountains, rivers etc were punched on the punch mark coins on both the sides of the coin. some of them are shown here.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju6jMLlO2aBo-QN-4yJHlmF8QkNU6ArMFbttteXCdB7SY3Mo6OsnuiZXVHwobCrl-FtS4Bg_O6kd5cnPFvZOnjpeDXVQPAjtXxm9n1lvRjmXKrJVdnwBbQ-PtnlVmaHdiovyBA-RdYMrvc/s1600/symbols.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 272px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552549436160942418" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju6jMLlO2aBo-QN-4yJHlmF8QkNU6ArMFbttteXCdB7SY3Mo6OsnuiZXVHwobCrl-FtS4Bg_O6kd5cnPFvZOnjpeDXVQPAjtXxm9n1lvRjmXKrJVdnwBbQ-PtnlVmaHdiovyBA-RdYMrvc/s400/symbols.jpg" /></a><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpD3W5doL4v_BnuDsGIK5n2CN0OJGpsEll4qYcb8w5jAgZewfVocEmFvTJ_2sOz8sRs7LvwKnsZhfOvsZz2aR2mKf7UGHBPEEK-DqDKVXh0X9E0074iu8DoaOlhkCmm9RSyucVhDRmVV25/s1600/punchmark+symbols.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 367px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552549434938216898" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpD3W5doL4v_BnuDsGIK5n2CN0OJGpsEll4qYcb8w5jAgZewfVocEmFvTJ_2sOz8sRs7LvwKnsZhfOvsZz2aR2mKf7UGHBPEEK-DqDKVXh0X9E0074iu8DoaOlhkCmm9RSyucVhDRmVV25/s400/punchmark+symbols.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Fb2JSVPyz7PRI8-JPDmp9wO8xIFVxR2z8-dJsPrLG4OI_M9ETHxz-R2hHESJ2kCtxS2V5LATT8s9jd37ZfwAZDFRMtoMHoJTgA-qH7iCa5Vtd97CA-VrnBBj8dcsl3HILvFpveF6GxEe/s1600/punchmark+references.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 319px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 400px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5552549429387214194" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Fb2JSVPyz7PRI8-JPDmp9wO8xIFVxR2z8-dJsPrLG4OI_M9ETHxz-R2hHESJ2kCtxS2V5LATT8s9jd37ZfwAZDFRMtoMHoJTgA-qH7iCa5Vtd97CA-VrnBBj8dcsl3HILvFpveF6GxEe/s400/punchmark+references.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><div></div></div></div>SravanthiBharathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08555610528198611377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3158018448060886810.post-13219875567766701862009-09-20T20:02:00.000-07:002009-09-20T21:56:14.767-07:00COINS OF JANAPADAS<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF3V5kSwJuTyKrODR4bkqML20BSMVoY3xGQoEKMG8_MIWW4oNlt03K1tPPMJUs6O7PKnUbB8JxEnAa79jVnNflO3CF3AnTSwyxVhxoxwWKEGo3rIx-JGvqEtwexB3vqYu5QDTe74O2s7HP/s1600-h/multipunch.JPG"></a><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJU58St-LVcTOr3EG9M6YsiXzm6aKEqUoS-7qeAfG9hKBnUF6fMg6mVrW-lPD9Ns_sx87qsKwoUFxbjRWgtIpXMx4dUr0DHWylA4PmpbYlXQmXcrIk2Bd447lw_rDT1Vqi_c1HhliRaoI/s1600-h/ancientcopper.JPG"></a><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2XTq8_-1M1OJSzq5MZdc-rDEHio4sWnffwSpw5pEvnnUCgofxHmgVgCS30lV6Ljg6FIpycW_uZr-W6WEf24Ja02lulEkC76f-O7-cOKWQHW8IL_SbFVsiB8yghm9oNSyGF5SbM4ayVrHC/s1600-h/vidharba.JPG"></a><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOgCKmT1gBpg5fZfUx9sKn0o2swdBw2dXmkv-EFjYOBSKapanXSMWhMt6LRGk81geC_i8L080lwbpNrgIXbemhUCX9FsiCclBsLjElAZ7_6MIjGJoj-d4xQEmcnAPRtdDQnGUgcy-dYpdx/s1600-h/magadha_karshapana.JPG"></a><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ya5wdZqFTl3Uw7tmhpTPKINp5MPaBjlqnryIR3bUGphn2jDom0DRNUjobOEKFiExDJvoO1IMA_KF22EceZ5wefWGommznPegb5zOBK3k6YsXUtnXEi3Htr99We4S7ad64xO9shGSQUva/s1600-h/kuntala_janapada.JPG"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">Kuntala Janapada</span></span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> 6th century BC, Silver, 6.24 g, pulley type with a big pulley-type symbol in the center and a clock-wise Triskeli in two of its orbs(Uniface)</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ya5wdZqFTl3Uw7tmhpTPKINp5MPaBjlqnryIR3bUGphn2jDom0DRNUjobOEKFiExDJvoO1IMA_KF22EceZ5wefWGommznPegb5zOBK3k6YsXUtnXEi3Htr99We4S7ad64xO9shGSQUva/s400/kuntala_janapada.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383751427297287682" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 368px; height: 179px; " /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Imperial Magadha</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> 5th century BC, Silver, Karshapana, 5 symbols</span></span></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:11px;"></span></span></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:-webkit-xxx-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"><br /><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOgCKmT1gBpg5fZfUx9sKn0o2swdBw2dXmkv-EFjYOBSKapanXSMWhMt6LRGk81geC_i8L080lwbpNrgIXbemhUCX9FsiCclBsLjElAZ7_6MIjGJoj-d4xQEmcnAPRtdDQnGUgcy-dYpdx/s400/magadha_karshapana.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383753692995854450" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 394px; height: 257px; " /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=""><b style="text-decoration: underline;">Magadha:</b> multiple punches seen</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; "><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF3V5kSwJuTyKrODR4bkqML20BSMVoY3xGQoEKMG8_MIWW4oNlt03K1tPPMJUs6O7PKnUbB8JxEnAa79jVnNflO3CF3AnTSwyxVhxoxwWKEGo3rIx-JGvqEtwexB3vqYu5QDTe74O2s7HP/s400/multipunch.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383779832004062514" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 196px; " /></span></b></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Vidarbha</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> a square copper with three arched hills & crescent in a circle enclosed in a double square. 11.7 gms</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2XTq8_-1M1OJSzq5MZdc-rDEHio4sWnffwSpw5pEvnnUCgofxHmgVgCS30lV6Ljg6FIpycW_uZr-W6WEf24Ja02lulEkC76f-O7-cOKWQHW8IL_SbFVsiB8yghm9oNSyGF5SbM4ayVrHC/s400/vidharba.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383756892604295426" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 179px; " /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><b>Ancient copper coin</b> with various symbols</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJU58St-LVcTOr3EG9M6YsiXzm6aKEqUoS-7qeAfG9hKBnUF6fMg6mVrW-lPD9Ns_sx87qsKwoUFxbjRWgtIpXMx4dUr0DHWylA4PmpbYlXQmXcrIk2Bd447lw_rDT1Vqi_c1HhliRaoI/s400/ancientcopper.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383779225024368434" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 234px; " /></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#2B2B2B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;color:#0000EE;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:16px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#0000EE;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:-webkit-xxx-large;"><br /></span></span></div><br /></div>SravanthiBharathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08555610528198611377noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3158018448060886810.post-35706094398238134372009-09-20T18:06:00.001-07:002009-09-20T18:56:32.128-07:00JANAPADAS OR STATES<span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The silver punch mark coins have been found all over the country. The earliest of these were issued by janapadas and mahajanapadas which existed after the Bharat war(11th century B.C) .All these gradually merged with the expanding Magadha empire by 4th century B.C. The states(janapadas) of which coins are known so far are:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(a)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Surasena</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - modern Braj, the region around Mathura</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(b)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Uttara Panchala</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - the Rohilkhand region</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(c)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Dakshin Panchala</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - the Doab area stretching from Ganga to Chambal</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(d)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Chedi</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - the region south of Yamuna</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(e)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Kosala</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - the area bounded by Gomti on the west, Sarpika-modern sai on the south, Sadanira-modern gandak on the east and Nepal hills on the north.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(f)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Kasi</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">- the region around Varanasi</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(g)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Malla</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - dist of Deoria and surroundings</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(h)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Magadha</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - area bound by Ganga on th north,Son on the west, plateau of Chota Nagpur to the south and Bhagalpur region to the east.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(i)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Vanga</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - Bengal</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(j)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Dakshina Kosala</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - western Orissa and eastern Madhya pradesh</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(k)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Andhra</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - the delta of Godavari and Krishna</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(l)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Asmaka</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - area on both sides of Godavari bordering Andhra pradesh</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(m)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Avan</span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">ti</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - Ujjain region</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(n)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Surashtra</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - the Kathiawar region</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(o)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Gandhara</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - north western region on border of Afganisthan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; width: auto; font: normal normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">(p)</span></span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Kuntala</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> - Satara region,western maharastra</span></span></div></span>SravanthiBharathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08555610528198611377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3158018448060886810.post-37955501611091433322008-01-27T06:28:00.000-08:002009-09-20T18:58:48.870-07:00THE BEGINING<div align="left" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">When did Coinage begun?</span></span></u></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div align="left" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">It started on both sides of the Ancient World - in China and in Lydia, in Asia Minor, at more or less the same time, about 700 years before Christ or 700 B.C.<br /></span></span></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Coinage in INDIA begun about 6th century B.C. Many historians argue that Indian coinage existed prior to 6th century B.C in the Indus valley civilisation of "</span></span><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa"</span></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> between 2500 BC and 1750 BC. There, however, is no consensus on whether the seals excavated from the sites were in fact coins.<br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Seals found in Mohenjo-Daro</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLu9F4Wt_8L_0q99BLyk6B7SmY2RJ_CcL1GsCmRQp75PZOeymA_9VhyphenhyphenMUDEA2jxisuDuQmngavZv4ccpxT1jsbwo08neTKCZW92hjLBZ-nBes9BWm_BRfYxsI8Jk5QjKmfCZOdthtL35dY/s1600-h/seals+ancient.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5160183986586136162" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 331px; cursor: pointer; height: 150px; " height="167" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLu9F4Wt_8L_0q99BLyk6B7SmY2RJ_CcL1GsCmRQp75PZOeymA_9VhyphenhyphenMUDEA2jxisuDuQmngavZv4ccpxT1jsbwo08neTKCZW92hjLBZ-nBes9BWm_BRfYxsI8Jk5QjKmfCZOdthtL35dY/s320/seals+ancient.JPG" width="333" border="0" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div align="left" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">To the ancient Indians , a coin was not a piece of inanimate metal with an official stamp, but a form(rupa) pulsating with symbols, names of kings, gods and goddesses potraying wealth and prosperity. Each dynasty and even each king contributed his own inovation to the coinage resulting in a bewildering variety of Indian coins. The Kings chose such symbols, forms of gods and goddesses and legends which were a part of , social consciousness that the users of the coins could easily understand and appreciate. </span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div align="left"><div style="text-align: justify;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The various symbols used on ancient punchmark coins are shown below</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">:-</span></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidl17jz5qz0h0S6wgEBkgh_wl3LEW2e2IybD1HmAlzjB9T709J2F7Xa9uPrb8dPuVbrw2qhsk0yOyaDg1MN3_shtNYWhJoLsSVZD7yLbNyCR4mcEOx5Vwj68TM3xdkZXTMSWxMv9Cu5JDt/s1600-h/symbols.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5160549106050936434" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; " alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidl17jz5qz0h0S6wgEBkgh_wl3LEW2e2IybD1HmAlzjB9T709J2F7Xa9uPrb8dPuVbrw2qhsk0yOyaDg1MN3_shtNYWhJoLsSVZD7yLbNyCR4mcEOx5Vwj68TM3xdkZXTMSWxMv9Cu5JDt/s400/symbols.JPG" border="0" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The establishment of Numismatic Society of India in 1910 is an important landmark in the study of Indian Coins.</span></div></span></div><div align="left"></div><div align="center" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><a href="http://www.bharatcoins.com/1.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">IndianCoins</span></span></a></strong></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></span><div align="left"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div align="left"></div>SravanthiBharathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08555610528198611377noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3158018448060886810.post-84884462725376723982008-01-27T05:55:00.000-08:002009-09-20T19:08:19.793-07:00PUNCHMARK COINS<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiWKvPrvJGmoNaOgMaQGL3RKVkYzt6xi2uE9HCravPIGPAdKdlS-ZHj-nPSCDRew0oAJazwQozCzTQyujMdXwLAeOs1r_S9cnmzKsJVZqaFBIZRO0xXn0S7-3f_DHWjEsnLwaktZk6IOS3/s1600-h/multipunch.JPG"></a><div align="justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">As the name suggests, these coins bear the symbols of various types, punched on pieces of silver of specific weight. Punch-marked coins are marked with 1-5 (and sometimes more) marks representing various symbols.They are broadly classified into two periods : the first period (attributed to the Janapadas or small local states) and the second period (attributed to the Imperial Mauryan period). The motifs found on these coins were mostly drawn from nature like the sun, various animal motifs, trees, hills etc. and some were geometrical symbols. </span></span></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Ancient Indian coinage was based on `</span></span><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Karshapana</span></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">' unit that consists of 32 rattis (3.3 grams of silver) and a 'Ratti' is equivalent to 0.11 gms.</span></span></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq_g_DfVmKItdNJs_Ywd2P1WI7XTc0ZRirLjj_nN_KqHd_BsSs6nlrXkpHsw_bhcv_ZF6fRotGIQGXZkrHKwsm-fVNdxuIjllQtEJPl05k5p280k1CKxU-Bmk_EqBQTW-XF9pqrJlqxJb4/s1600-h/PUNCH.bmp"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5160158126588046898" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; " alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq_g_DfVmKItdNJs_Ywd2P1WI7XTc0ZRirLjj_nN_KqHd_BsSs6nlrXkpHsw_bhcv_ZF6fRotGIQGXZkrHKwsm-fVNdxuIjllQtEJPl05k5p280k1CKxU-Bmk_EqBQTW-XF9pqrJlqxJb4/s320/PUNCH.bmp" border="0" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></div><div align="center"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: bold; font-family:arial;">Cup Shaped PMC</span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjscAJkbmJA-tr4H2PmP5LLMpVG3l3ode0g33MH1rYgFVpAGCOZpbtMaBBk3OWBKSIxH6oGychFSWERRkuUUJqL8fKv94A9Ylqb6WdiV3CcgMfQG5d4pVwH9iDjWC2Ln1QgRRTCGZT4eY/s1600-h/PM4.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5160157641256742434" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; " alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjscAJkbmJA-tr4H2PmP5LLMpVG3l3ode0g33MH1rYgFVpAGCOZpbtMaBBk3OWBKSIxH6oGychFSWERRkuUUJqL8fKv94A9Ylqb6WdiV3CcgMfQG5d4pVwH9iDjWC2Ln1QgRRTCGZT4eY/s320/PM4.JPG" border="0" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></div></span><strong><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:arial;">Silver Bentbar</span></div></strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp9jlpO2tZPCY6zJS1av-gTM1NbByGUx6nbCUVLHxVYzLOc15M9-T7UV1asLvT2ClpZ7bNa2Wav2ZUmhe5H-5nhwQQuGQf_rZGcT9DBYGz4To3HlxFvo3kkyoiAdfWzgnsWSrAnabfdVDb/s1600-h/PM3.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5160156138018188818" style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; " height="354" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp9jlpO2tZPCY6zJS1av-gTM1NbByGUx6nbCUVLHxVYzLOc15M9-T7UV1asLvT2ClpZ7bNa2Wav2ZUmhe5H-5nhwQQuGQf_rZGcT9DBYGz4To3HlxFvo3kkyoiAdfWzgnsWSrAnabfdVDb/s320/PM3.JPG" width="317" border="0" /></a> </div><div align="center"><br /></div><div align="center"><b>Multiple Punchmarks</b></div><div align="center"><b><br /></b></div><div align="center"><b><br /></b></div><div align="center"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiWKvPrvJGmoNaOgMaQGL3RKVkYzt6xi2uE9HCravPIGPAdKdlS-ZHj-nPSCDRew0oAJazwQozCzTQyujMdXwLAeOs1r_S9cnmzKsJVZqaFBIZRO0xXn0S7-3f_DHWjEsnLwaktZk6IOS3/s320/multipunch.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5383736436499112066" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 157px; " /></span></b></div><div align="center"><b><br /></b></div><div align="center"><b><br /></b></div>SravanthiBharathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08555610528198611377noreply@blogger.com5